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Great Britain and the Hawaiian Revolution and Republic, 1893-1898

CAPTAIN JAMES COOK'S contact with the Hawaiian Islands gave Great Britain a certain pre-eminence in Hawaiian history and attitudes which remained for some time, and was commemorated in the placing of the British Union Jack in Hawai'i's national flag, now the Hawai'i State flag. The British government's disavowal in 1843 of the takeover of Honolulu by a British naval officer and its formal restoration of Hawaiian independence ushered in a period of Hawaiian attachment to Great Britain which made it appear as if Hawai'i would eventually gravitate into Britain's orbit. Actually, however, Hawai'i's ultimate place in the scheme of things was already decided in favor of the United States. American economic and missionary activity in the Islands during the first half of the 19th century had already made Hawai'i's absorption by the United States a matter of time. That the Islands were not absorbed earlier was more the result of a disinclination of the United States to do so than anything else. The American declaration of 1854 guaranteeing Hawaiian independence made the Islands in effect an American protectorate and the United States henceforth the determiner of Hawai'i's destiny

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The Discovery and Settlement of Hawai‘i
​Hawai‘i Loa, or Ke Kowa i Hawai‘i, was one of the four children of Aniani Ka Lani.1 The other three were Ki, who settled in Tahiti, Kana Loa, who settled the Marquesas, and Laa-Kapu. The ocean was called Kai Holo-o-ka-I‘a (Ocean where the fish run). Only two islands existed and both were discovered and settled by Hawai‘i Loa. The first he named Hawai‘i after himself; the second Maui, after his eldest son. (The other islands were created by volcanoes during and after the time of Hawai‘i Loa.

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​4. These sentiments are hereby proclaimed for the purpose of protecting alike, both the people and the chiefs of all these islands, that no chief may be able to oppress any subject, but that chiefs and people may enjoy the same2 protection under one and the same law.

​5. Protection is hereby secured to the persons of all the people, together with their lands, their building lots and all their property and nothing whatever shall be taken from any individual, except by express provision of the laws. Whatever chief shall perseveringly act in violation of this Constitution, shall no longer remain a chief of the Sandwich Islands, and the same shall be true of the governors, officers and all land agents.